The Key Differences Between Layer 2 & Layer 3 Switches

Introduction

IT systems are nothing without robust Ethernet Switches, that allow devices to communicate with one another, as well as the internet. Network accessibility and connectivity rely on switch type and configuration, but the question is which type of switch is best? 

The type of switch you use will depend on several factors such as the complexity of your network, your scalability requirements, and your budget.

In this article, we will explore the differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches, when to use a Layer 2 versus a Layer 3 switch, and use cases for both switch types.

What is a Layer 2 Switch?

A Layer 2 switch is a device that operates in the data link Layer of the open systems interconnection (OSI) framework. A Layer 2 switch makes decisions and forwards data packets based on the unique Media Access Control (MAC) addresses provided to a NIC (Network Interface Controller).

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

A Layer 3 switch works at both the data link Layer and network Layer of the OSI model. This type of network switch serves a dual purpose, providing all the functions of a Layer 2 switch, and in addition to being able to route data based on IP addresses. The routing capability allows Layer 3 Ethernet switches to send packets between different subnets and Virtual LANs (VLANs).

Key Differences Between Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches

There are a number of key differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches, particularly from the point of view of scalability, security, and configuration.

Configuration

Layer 2 switches are easier to configure than Layer 3 switches, and require less ongoing management as a result. Therefore, they are the perfect option for small to medium sized businesses with simple networks.

Scalability

Layer 3 switches are more scalable when compared to Layer 2 switches, as the former switch type is able to handle multiple subnets, lending it to network setups in larger organisations.

Security

Layer 2 switches do not have built in security features such as advanced access control lists, where IP address, protocol and logical port are used. This means a Layer 3 switch has an additional Layer of security when it comes to protecting your network from security threats.

Cost and Complexity Layer 2 vs Layer 3

Layer 2 switches are simpler, therefore cheaper than Layer 3 switches, so they’re an excellent choice for smaller organizations with simple network setups. From the perspective of complexity, they are also simple to set up and manage. In comparison, Layer 3 switches are the costlier option due to routing features and the need for more management and expertise especially during the configuration stage.

Use Cases for Layer 2 Switches

Layer 2 switches are an excellent option for smaller organizations that work within local networks and don’t require IP address routing, and those that are more budget conscious. Ideal use cases would be small offices and businesses without the requirement for segmentation within their networks.

They are also a great choice when configuring an internal network within a larger setup, where servers and workstations are contained within individual departments

Use Cases for Layer 3 Switches

For larger setups, such as an enterprise network, a Layer 3 switch solution would be best suited. A Layer 3 switch would allow each individual department of a company to stay within its own VLAN or subnet reducing bandwidth and latency across the larger network. Examples of organisations who would require a Layer 3 solution are data centres and firms involved in financial trading, where time is of the essence and real time data and updates are essential.

When to Use Layer 2 vs Layer 3 Switches

Whether you choose a Layer 2 switch or a Layer 3 switch will depend on several factors such as the size of your network, your technical requirements, budget, and whether the business environment or particular industry comes into consideration. 

For example, a small network will likely not need the features and functionality of a Layer 3 switch. However, a larger organization that has multiple departments, more moving parts, and a requirement for additional security features will certainly choose to go down the Layer 3 switch route.

Why Choose Comnet for Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches

As industry experts, we understand exactly what users require when it comes to switches for their networks. Our hardware is tested and certified by an independent laboratory to ensure compliance with the necessary environmental requirements which includes:

• Ambient operating temperature
• Mechanical shock
• Vibration
• Humidity with condensation
• High-line/low line voltage conditions and transient voltage protection

Our switches have also been tested to work in extreme temperatures, from -40 C to +75 C.

Conclusion

Knowing the key differences between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches can help you understand what would be the best hardware setup for your specific requirements. Whilst Layer 3 switches offer more functionality, many organisations may find that a Layer 2 switch is perfect for their requirements. In a similar fashion, a company that may currently be able to “make do” with a Layer 2 switch should strongly consider a Layer 3 switch, especially when taking into account factors like security, whether they will be looking to scale and grow their network in the near future, and whether factors such as bandwidth and latency will come into play.

At Comnet, we can advise you on the exact type of switch that would suit you best. For more information on our products and solutions please get in touch with us, and one of our team will gladly assist with your exact requirements.